Hornbeam trees vary in size, but they generally grow to be medium-sized trees, reaching heights of 9 to 18 metres. The leaves are alternate, simple, and doubly serrated along the edges. They are typically oval to elliptical in shape and have prominent veins. The bark is smooth and grey when young, becoming ridged and fluted with age. The bark texture is often likened to that of muscle or sinew. Hornbeam trees produce inconspicuous flowers in spring, followed by small nut-like fruits surrounded by leafy bracts. These fruits are often clustered together and resemble hops.
Up to 20m .